Post by ruth on Mar 18, 2009 10:49:51 GMT -5
i get algae that forms bladders cyclic. my scope is
unable to capture it effectively. it exactly matches
geosiphon/nostoc bladders plus geosiphon is able
to do horizontal transfer without gmo's!!!!
they are thick on the piece and begin rounded. they
continue to grow.
i192.photobucket.com/albums/z157/ruthlyons_2007/morgellons977.jpg
i192.photobucket.com/albums/z157/ruthlyons_2007/morgellons938.jpg
The Geosiphon pyriformis symbiosis
- fungus 'eats' cyanobacterium
visit also: AMF-phylogeny.com
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Our group works on the Geosiphon symbioses as a model for the arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM). However, this symbiosis also is highly in itself, since Geosiphon pyriformis (Kütz.) v. Wettstein is the only known fungus forming endosymbiosis with cyanobacteria (Nostoc punctiforme). Implications of using this symbiosis for AM research are indicated elsewhere. Here, just a mention of the impact of the AM for the entire terrestiral ecosystem as stated by the BEG-Committee (25th May 1993) and many researchers in the field:
The study of plants without their mycorrhizas is the study of artefacts.
The majority of plants, strictly speaking, do not have roots; they have mycorrhizas.
Below aspects regarding the Geosiphon symbiosis itself are shown. However, we want to stress that we are mainly using this unique symbiosis to uncover some fundamental functional mechanisms in the AM.
Note that the data from two recent publications in the journal 'Nature' deal with the Geosiphon symbiosis (sugar transporter characterisation in Schüßler et al. 2006, multi-gene phylogeny of fungi in James et al. 2006) but are not yet included here. Visit our lab-homepage to get further information about these topics.
1. The Geosiphon pyriformis - Nostoc symbiosis
The symbiosis formed by Geosiphon pyriformis (Kütz.) v. Wettstein (v. Wettstein, 1915) is the only known fungal endocyanosis (endocytobiotic association with a cyanobacterium). The Geosiphon fungus is coenocytic and forms unicellular, multinucleated cells ('bladders') of 1-2 mm in length (Fig. 1), containing the endosymbiotic filamentous cyanobacteria of the genus Nostoc. Only six reports of this symbiosis being found in nature are known, ranging from eastern Germany to Austria. This means that the symbiosis is geographically widespread (Fig 1b) but, due to its small size, rarely reported. Presently, locations around the small village Bieber in the Spessart Mountains (Germany) are the only known stable natural habitats world-wide (Schüßler and Kluge, 2001; Mollenhauer, 1992).
www.lrz-muenchen.de/~schuessler/geosiphon/geosiphon.html
2.3. The 'bacteria like organisms'
It also has to be noted here, that Geosiphon harbours a further prokaryotic endosymbiont, the so called 'BLOs' ('bacteria like organisms'; Figs. 6,7), which are not surrounded by a host membrane (Schüßler at al. 1996, Schüßler and Kluge, 2001). These endosymbiotic bacteria show the typical ultrastructure of those found in most AM fungi that were investigated ultrastructurally. Since these bacteria life in diverse branches of the Glomeromycota they have to be considered as ancient symbionts, which are horizontally transferred and probably live as symbionts within these fungi for hundreds of million years. Not much is known about these bacteria. The BLOs of fungi belonging to one glomeromycotan family, the Gigasporaceae, are better investigated. However, these BLOs are enclosed by a host membrane and seem to be a distinct type of bacteria, maybe unique for this branch within the Glomeromycota.
unable to capture it effectively. it exactly matches
geosiphon/nostoc bladders plus geosiphon is able
to do horizontal transfer without gmo's!!!!
they are thick on the piece and begin rounded. they
continue to grow.
i192.photobucket.com/albums/z157/ruthlyons_2007/morgellons977.jpg
i192.photobucket.com/albums/z157/ruthlyons_2007/morgellons938.jpg
The Geosiphon pyriformis symbiosis
- fungus 'eats' cyanobacterium
visit also: AMF-phylogeny.com
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Our group works on the Geosiphon symbioses as a model for the arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM). However, this symbiosis also is highly in itself, since Geosiphon pyriformis (Kütz.) v. Wettstein is the only known fungus forming endosymbiosis with cyanobacteria (Nostoc punctiforme). Implications of using this symbiosis for AM research are indicated elsewhere. Here, just a mention of the impact of the AM for the entire terrestiral ecosystem as stated by the BEG-Committee (25th May 1993) and many researchers in the field:
The study of plants without their mycorrhizas is the study of artefacts.
The majority of plants, strictly speaking, do not have roots; they have mycorrhizas.
Below aspects regarding the Geosiphon symbiosis itself are shown. However, we want to stress that we are mainly using this unique symbiosis to uncover some fundamental functional mechanisms in the AM.
Note that the data from two recent publications in the journal 'Nature' deal with the Geosiphon symbiosis (sugar transporter characterisation in Schüßler et al. 2006, multi-gene phylogeny of fungi in James et al. 2006) but are not yet included here. Visit our lab-homepage to get further information about these topics.
1. The Geosiphon pyriformis - Nostoc symbiosis
The symbiosis formed by Geosiphon pyriformis (Kütz.) v. Wettstein (v. Wettstein, 1915) is the only known fungal endocyanosis (endocytobiotic association with a cyanobacterium). The Geosiphon fungus is coenocytic and forms unicellular, multinucleated cells ('bladders') of 1-2 mm in length (Fig. 1), containing the endosymbiotic filamentous cyanobacteria of the genus Nostoc. Only six reports of this symbiosis being found in nature are known, ranging from eastern Germany to Austria. This means that the symbiosis is geographically widespread (Fig 1b) but, due to its small size, rarely reported. Presently, locations around the small village Bieber in the Spessart Mountains (Germany) are the only known stable natural habitats world-wide (Schüßler and Kluge, 2001; Mollenhauer, 1992).
www.lrz-muenchen.de/~schuessler/geosiphon/geosiphon.html
2.3. The 'bacteria like organisms'
It also has to be noted here, that Geosiphon harbours a further prokaryotic endosymbiont, the so called 'BLOs' ('bacteria like organisms'; Figs. 6,7), which are not surrounded by a host membrane (Schüßler at al. 1996, Schüßler and Kluge, 2001). These endosymbiotic bacteria show the typical ultrastructure of those found in most AM fungi that were investigated ultrastructurally. Since these bacteria life in diverse branches of the Glomeromycota they have to be considered as ancient symbionts, which are horizontally transferred and probably live as symbionts within these fungi for hundreds of million years. Not much is known about these bacteria. The BLOs of fungi belonging to one glomeromycotan family, the Gigasporaceae, are better investigated. However, these BLOs are enclosed by a host membrane and seem to be a distinct type of bacteria, maybe unique for this branch within the Glomeromycota.