Post by freaky on Jan 19, 2009 3:22:24 GMT -5
Please excuse if this is a repeat: Hoping this may be of some interest. I have been pretty lost in the scientific explanations of morgellons. This, I found easier to comprehend.
jb.asm.org/cgi/content/abstract/191/3/832?etoc
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I'm afraid this is a really stupid question, but unfortunately, I just don't know the answer. Is the protein discussed, related at all to meat, cheese, or milk? or is protein in the blood a separate entity? Gosh, I hope I made sence. Love, freaky
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Journal of Bacteriology, February 2009, p. 832-843, Vol. 191, No. 3
0021-9193/09/$08.00+0 doi:10.1128/JB.01222-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
Protein A-Mediated Multicellular Behavior in Staphylococcus aureus
Nekane Merino,1 Alejandro Toledo-Arana,1 Marta Vergara-Irigaray,1 Jaione Valle,1 Cristina Solano,1 Enrique Calvo,2 Juan Antonio Lopez,2 Timothy J. Foster,4 José R. Penadés,3 and Iñigo Lasa1*
Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Universidad Pública de Navarra-CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain,1 Unidad de Proteómica, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain,2 Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias and Cardenal Herrera-CEU University, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain,3 Department of Microbiology, Moyne Institute of Preventive Medicine, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland4
Received 1 September 2008/ Accepted 19 November 2008
The capacity of Staphylococcus aureus to form biofilms on host tissues and implanted medical devices is one of the major virulence traits underlying persistent and chronic infections. The matrix in which S. aureus cells are encased in a biofilm often consists of the polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA) or poly-N-acetyl glucosamine (PNAG). However, surface proteins capable of promoting biofilm development in the absence of PIA/PNAG exopolysaccharide have been described. Here, we used two-dimensional nano-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry to investigate the composition of a proteinaceous biofilm matrix and identified protein A (spa) as an essential component of the biofilm; protein A induced bacterial aggregation in liquid medium and biofilm formation under standing and flow conditions. Exogenous addition of synthetic protein A or supernatants containing secreted protein A to growth media induced biofilm development, indicating that protein A can promote biofilm development without being covalently anchored to the cell wall. Protein A-mediated biofilm formation was completely inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by addition of serum, purified immunoglobulin G, or anti-protein A-specific antibodies. A murine model of subcutaneous catheter infection unveiled a significant role for protein A in the development of biofilm-associated infections, as the amount of protein A-deficient bacteria recovered from the catheter was significantly lower than that of wild-type bacteria when both strains were used to coinfect the implanted medical device. Our results suggest a novel role for protein A complementary to its known capacity to interact with multiple immunologically important eukaryotic receptors.
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* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona 31006, Spain. Phone: 34 948 168007. Fax: 34 948 232191. E-mail: ilasa@unavarra.es
Published ahead of print on 1 December 2008.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Journal of Bacteriology, February 2009, p. 832-843, Vol. 191, No. 3
0021-9193/09/$08.00+0 doi:10.1128/JB.01222-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Appl. Environ. Microbiol. Infect. Immun. Eukaryot. Cell
Mol. Cell. Biol. J. Virol. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev.
ALL ASM JOURNALS
Copyright © 2009 by the American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
jb.asm.org/cgi/content/abstract/191/3/832?etoc
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I'm afraid this is a really stupid question, but unfortunately, I just don't know the answer. Is the protein discussed, related at all to meat, cheese, or milk? or is protein in the blood a separate entity? Gosh, I hope I made sence. Love, freaky
-
This Article
Full Text
Full Text (PDF)
Other Versions of this Article:
JB.01222-08v1
191/3/832 most recent
Alert me when this article is cited
Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Similar articles in this journal
Similar articles in PubMed
Alert me to new issues of the journal
Download to citation manager
Reprints and Permissions
Copyright Information
Books from ASM Press
MicrobeWorld
Google Scholar
Articles by Merino, N.
Articles by Lasa, I.
PubMed
PubMed Citation
Articles by Merino, N.
Articles by Lasa, I.
Previous Article | Next Article
Journal of Bacteriology, February 2009, p. 832-843, Vol. 191, No. 3
0021-9193/09/$08.00+0 doi:10.1128/JB.01222-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
Protein A-Mediated Multicellular Behavior in Staphylococcus aureus
Nekane Merino,1 Alejandro Toledo-Arana,1 Marta Vergara-Irigaray,1 Jaione Valle,1 Cristina Solano,1 Enrique Calvo,2 Juan Antonio Lopez,2 Timothy J. Foster,4 José R. Penadés,3 and Iñigo Lasa1*
Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Universidad Pública de Navarra-CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain,1 Unidad de Proteómica, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain,2 Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias and Cardenal Herrera-CEU University, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain,3 Department of Microbiology, Moyne Institute of Preventive Medicine, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland4
Received 1 September 2008/ Accepted 19 November 2008
The capacity of Staphylococcus aureus to form biofilms on host tissues and implanted medical devices is one of the major virulence traits underlying persistent and chronic infections. The matrix in which S. aureus cells are encased in a biofilm often consists of the polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA) or poly-N-acetyl glucosamine (PNAG). However, surface proteins capable of promoting biofilm development in the absence of PIA/PNAG exopolysaccharide have been described. Here, we used two-dimensional nano-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry to investigate the composition of a proteinaceous biofilm matrix and identified protein A (spa) as an essential component of the biofilm; protein A induced bacterial aggregation in liquid medium and biofilm formation under standing and flow conditions. Exogenous addition of synthetic protein A or supernatants containing secreted protein A to growth media induced biofilm development, indicating that protein A can promote biofilm development without being covalently anchored to the cell wall. Protein A-mediated biofilm formation was completely inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by addition of serum, purified immunoglobulin G, or anti-protein A-specific antibodies. A murine model of subcutaneous catheter infection unveiled a significant role for protein A in the development of biofilm-associated infections, as the amount of protein A-deficient bacteria recovered from the catheter was significantly lower than that of wild-type bacteria when both strains were used to coinfect the implanted medical device. Our results suggest a novel role for protein A complementary to its known capacity to interact with multiple immunologically important eukaryotic receptors.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona 31006, Spain. Phone: 34 948 168007. Fax: 34 948 232191. E-mail: ilasa@unavarra.es
Published ahead of print on 1 December 2008.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Journal of Bacteriology, February 2009, p. 832-843, Vol. 191, No. 3
0021-9193/09/$08.00+0 doi:10.1128/JB.01222-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Appl. Environ. Microbiol. Infect. Immun. Eukaryot. Cell
Mol. Cell. Biol. J. Virol. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev.
ALL ASM JOURNALS
Copyright © 2009 by the American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.