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Post by skytroll on Jan 28, 2008 14:35:01 GMT -5
There seems to be a link between Bartonella hensalae, apatite and nanobacterium. Have heard where one person treated for this did get well from bartonella - type treatment. SHE HAD MORGELLONS SYMPTOMSA 6-year-old boy presented with fatigability, shortness of breath, and bulging neck veins. Echocardiography revealed large vegetations, aortic insufficiency, a dilated left ventricle, and bicuspid aortic valve. There was no history of immunocompromise, fevers, or feline exposures. Blood cultures were negative; antibodies against Bartonella henselae were positive. Gentamicin was administered intravenously. Ross procedure was performed and patient was discharged on antibiotics in 5 days. Native valve was thickened by scar and fibrinous vegetations. Warthin-Starry stain demonstrated coccobacilli. Light and ultrastructural morphology, and monoclonal staining implicated B. henselae. Bacterial membranes contain calcium apatite crystals. Antigenic material was present in bacteria and calcified nodules. This case illustrates calcified protobacteria becoming incorporated into scar tissue during endocarditis. ats.ctsnetjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/77/2/704A few things stick out here. "Antibodies against Bartonella henselae were positive." "Native valve was thickened by scar and fibrinous vegetations. " "Warthin-Starry stain demonstrated coccobacilli." "Light and ultrastructural morphology, and monoclonal staining implicated B. henselae." "Bacterial membranes contain calcium apatite crystals. " "Antigenic material was present in bacteria and calcified nodules. " "his case illustrates calcified protobacteria becoming incorporated into scar tissue during endocarditis." B. henselae: coccobacilli: Calcium Apatite crystals: Antigenic material calcified protobacteria endocarditis Is this spontaneously happening in the Environment? Skytroll
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Post by skytroll on Jan 28, 2008 15:14:40 GMT -5
Bartonella henselae: Bartonella spp. in deer keds, Lipoptena mazamae (Diptera: Hippoboscidae), from Georgia and South Carolina, USA Will K. Reeves1,3, Mark P. Nelder2, Kristin D. Cobb2 and Gregory A. Dasch1 1 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, Mailstop G-13, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA; 2 Clemson University, Department of Entomology, Soils, and Plant Sciences, 114 Long Hall, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA 3 Corresponding author (email: wreeves@alumni.clemson.edu) ABSTRACT: Deer keds, Lipoptena mazamae (Diptera: Hippoboscidae), were collected from white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and humans in Georgia and South Carolina, USA (1 October 2001–6 January 2005) and screened for the presence of DNA from Bartonella spp. Forty deer keds were screened for Bartonella spp. by polymerase chain reaction using primers specific to the riboflavin synthase gene (ribC) of Bartonella. Bartonella species closely related to Bartonella schoenbuchensis and to the etiologic agent of cat-scratch disease (Bartonella henselae) were detected in 10 keds and one ked, respectively. Key words: Deer ked dermatitis, ectoparasite, Odocoileus virginianus, vector, zoonoses. www.jwildlifedis.org/cgi/content/full/42/2/391 In porpoises blood: www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol11no12/pdfs/05-0969.pdfCOCCOBACILLI: Coccobacillus is the singular of coccobacilli, which are a type of rod shaped bacteria. While still rod shaped, coccobacilli are so short and wide that they resemble cocci. Coccobacillus is derived from the words cocci (spherical shaped) and bacilli (elongated) bacteria. Two examples are Haemophilus influenzae and Chlamydia trachomatis. Acinetobacter strains may grow on solid media as coccobacilli. Actinobaccilus actinomycetemcomitans/Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is a gram negative coccobacillus which is prevalent in subgingival plaques. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoccobacillusApatite: webmineral.com/data/Apatite.shtmlantigenic material: "Abstract An interaction between antigen and macrophage-like cells which display I region gene products [antigen-presenting cells (APC)] is necessary for activation of inducer T cell clones. The specificity of inducer cell activation has been found to be major histocom- patibility complex (MHC)-restricted and antigen specific. This is thought to reflect formation of a ligand consisting of MHC class II gene products associated in some way with foreign protein. A panel of inducer T cell clones with different activation specificities and homogene- ous lines of APC expressing different MHC haplotypes was used to define this ligand. We isolated a product formed after interaction between antigen and APC expressing defined MHC products. This ligand binds only to the T cell clones that are specifically activated by the same antigen and APC as judged by tritiated thymidine incorpora- tion. The ligand is composed of two moieties: I-A determinants and the foreign protein (antigen). Coelution and sequential precipitation studies of the two moieties indicate that the nominal antigen and MHC product are tightly linked. The implications of these findings are discussed." tinyurl.com/2xop9nwww3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/abstract/112143926/ABSTRACT?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0 More next post: defining this: SKytroll
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Post by skytroll on Jan 28, 2008 15:27:58 GMT -5
Calcified protobacteria = Mitochrondrial disorders, goes back 40 years. www.tesisenxarxa.net/TESIS_UAB/AVAILABLE/TDX-1005107-165623//agc1de1.pdfvery long article, but much information in there. ------------------------------ "An infectious origin of extraskeletal calcification Dennis A. Carson* Department of Medicine and The Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0663 *To whom reprint requests should be addressed. e-mail: dcarson@ucsd.edu. Small right arrow pointing to: This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Top References Apparently idiopathic extraskeletal calcifications are a common medical problem (Table 1). Approximately 7% of adult men develop renal or bladder stones containing calcium mineral salts (1). Life-threatening calcification may occur after hemodialysis, in scleroderma, and in patients with sclerotic aortic valves. The stimuli for the calcium salt deposition in these conditions are unclear, but nidi for precipitation and crystallization are needed even under supersaturation conditions. Table 1 Table 1 Some diseases associated with prominent idiopathic extraskeletal calification In this issue of the Proceedings, Kajander and Çiftçioglu (2) show that a new class of bacteria, designated nanobacteria because of their small size (0.05–0.5 μm in diameter), produce sufficient calcium apatite to initiate pathologic calcification and stone formation. The nanobacteria were discovered in white films sticking to the surfaces of tissue culture vessels containing mammalian cells and media supplemented with bovine serum (3). A member of the Proteobacteria family, which includes Bartonella and Brucella species, the nanobacteria have distinctive properties, including heat resistance and the ability to pass through 0.1-μm sterilization filters (Table 2). Their most remarkable characteristic is the formation of carbonate apatite crystals at neutral pH and at physiologic phosphate and calcium concentrations. The extracellular mineralization forms a hard protective shelter for these hardy microorganisms, and it enables them to survive conditions of physical stress that would be lethal to most other bacterial species. Although it is not clear exactly how the nanobacteria induce calcification, other bacteria in aqueous sediments have been demonstrated to release oligopeptides that nucleate calcium apatite (4). Table 2 Table 2 Unusual properties of the nanobacteria Proteobacterial infections are common in cows, and fetal bovine serum is the presumed origin of the tissue culture contaminants. Kajander and Çiftçioglu (5) have found that more than 80% of fetal bovine serum batches, each pooled from several thousand animals, have nanobacteria, as determined by immunoassay with monoclonal antibodies and by direct culture. Because nanobacteria are relatively resistant to the antibiotics commonly added to tissue culture media, it seems likely that many established cell lines might have a superimposed nanobacterial contaminant. Just as problems with mycoplasma and simian virus 40 infection have confounded tissue culture experiments in the past, so nanobacterial infestation could perversely influence the immunologic, metabolic, and growth properties of normal and malignant cells propagated in vitro. Such effects have already been reported, and the necessary technology to detect nanobacteria in tissue culture is emerging (6). Recently, microbiologists have come to realize that blood can harbor close relatives of nanobacteria, without obvious pathologic sequelae for the natural host. For example, Bartonella henselae can be detected in the blood of almost half of the cats in the United States (7). Prior to pasteurization, human infections with proteobacteria, such as Brucella melitensis (formerly Brucella abortus and five other species), were much more common. It is still not known whether nanobacteria are present in cow’s milk, whether the organism can survive current methods of sterilization, and whether human infection can be initiated by the oral route. However, nanobacterial infections do occur in people. An analysis of 30 demineralized kidney or bladder stones with two different monoclonal antibodies revealed nanobacterial antigens in every specimen (2). In some instances, sterile filtered extracts of the stones also grew pure nanobacteria cultures, which when injected intravenously into rabbits, localized preferentially to the kidneys (8). Renal stones are generally not considered to have an infectious etiology. However, the carbonate apatite released by inconspicuous nanobacteria colonies could certainly supply a nidus for calcium oxalate crystal formation. Nanobacterial cultures have been established from human blood and urine. Patients on hemodialysis frequently receive multiple blood transfusions, and they may develop extensive extraskeletal calcifications. In unpublished studies, Kajander and Çiftçioglu (personal communication) have found that 80% of hemodialysis patients in a hospital in Turkey were nanobacteremic. It will thus be important to determine the exact frequency of nanobacterial infection of human blood, and whether the routine screening of blood donors is necessary. Because they are hidden in mineral shelters, nanobacteria are difficult to eradicate with short-term antibiotic treatment. However, the tetracyclines have a known ability to accumulate on apatite, and at least are bacteriostatic to nanobacteria at clinically achievable concentrations. This property should tend to localize the antibiotic to nanobacteria, which always have apatite as part of the cell wall. Recent anecdotal reports claim a benefit for long-term tetracycline therapy in some patients with scleroderma, one of the most ominous diseases associated with extraskeletal calcification. Now that specific monoclonal antibodies and potential nucleic acid probes are available, careful epidemiological studies should be able to establish the prevalence and consequences of nanobacterial infections in humans. Even if nanobacteria are not a primary cause of extraskeletal calcification in the various diseases listed in Table 1, they are a potentially treatable exacerbation factor. A role for bacterial infection in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer disease was established only recently, after years of inconclusive research. Tantalizing recent data also suggest a role for bacterial or viral infection in the host inflammatory response to atherosclerotic vascular damage (9). On the basis of the early results of Kajander and Çiftçioglu, there is ample cause to investigate thoroughly the part that nanobacteria play not only in renal stone formation but also in the many perplexing diseases associated with pathologic extraskeletal calcification." www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=33867ALL RELATED..................................... Endocarditis: "Bartonella henselae bacilli in cardiac valve of a patient with blood culture-negative endocarditis. The bacilli appear as black granulations." Note: connection to B. hensalae: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EndocarditisBLACK GRANULATIONS Skytroll
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Post by skytroll on Jan 28, 2008 15:39:06 GMT -5
Attempted Isolation of Nanobacterium sp. Microorganisms from Upper Urinary Tract Stones Michel Drancourt,1 Véronique Jacomo,1 Hubert Lépidi,2 Eric Lechevallier,3 Vincent Grisoni,4 Christian Coulange,3 Edith Ragni,5 Claude Alasia,6 Bertrand Dussol,7 Yvon Berland,7 and Didier Raoult1* Unité des Rickettsies, CNRS: UPRESA 6020, IFR48,1 Service de Microscopie Électronique, Faculté de Médecine, Université de la Méditerranée,6 Service d'Urologie et Transplantation Rénale,2 Service d'Urologie, Hôpital Salvator,3 Service d'Urologie, Hôpital Nord,4 Laboratoire d'Anatomopathologie, Hôpital de la Timone,5 Service de Néphrologie et d'Hémodialyse, Hôpital Sainte-Marguerite, Marseille, France7 *Corresponding author. Mailing address: Unité des Rickettsies, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France. Phone: 33 (0)4 91 83 55 17. Fax: 33 (0)4 91 83 03 90. E-mail: Didier.Raoult@medecine.univ-mrs.fr. Received January 14, 2002; Revised May 17, 2002; Accepted June 19, 2002. Abstract A single team has reported isolation of nanobacteria in human and bovine blood products, as well as, more recently, kidney stones. This has raised controversy. To confirm the data, we searched for nanobacteria from 10 aseptically removed upper urinary tract (UUT) stones. We used scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) with four stones and culture of stones on either 3T6 fibroblast monolayers or liquid RPMI medium. Detection of nanobacteria was made with a commercially available monoclonal antibody, 16S ribosomal DNA amplification with specific primers, and transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) of inoculated cells. SEM showed nanoparticles in four of four UUT stones similar to those recently described. TEM of inoculated 3T6 cell monolayers has shown transient intracytoplasmic vacuolar formations containing 200- to 500-nm particles in 3 of 10 cell cultures. Gimenez staining, Hoechst staining, and specific monoclonal immunofluorescence failed to reveal nanobacteria. Finally, we could not grow Nanobacterium sp. microorganisms by the techniques described. Although with SEM, we observed nanoparticles morphologically similar to nanobacteria, we failed to isolate Nanobacterium sp. microorganisms in culture and to prove the bacterial nature of these nanoparticles in stones.www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=149550Mayo and others working on this, the end stages of the the nanoparticle accumulations. Skytroll
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Post by felixwillford on Jan 28, 2008 17:45:39 GMT -5
Excellent research skytroll
really really excellent!
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Post by skytroll on Jan 28, 2008 21:13:06 GMT -5
thanks.
I think we have both nano related issues here.
One nano that assembles spontaneously, and one that mimics nature is a copy of it (Artificial Life).
If an evolutionist wanted to find where life begins by use of reductionism, from present to past evolution. How would she/he go about it and at what point does nothingness exist?
First off, take nature as it is, go backwards, and fill in the gaps with models.
Find the genome so you have genes to use to create your models.
Homebox genes: find out what genes are the same in what organisms.
Work your way back to bacteria, yeast, then biomineralization, metals etc. particles, gases.
At each stage where gaps exists, create what would fit by wide array of genes to pick from, chemical reactions, etc.
Where does nano begin? and end? top down should have a template? a stop point?
But, bottom up stops where? Is it natural or is it a copy of natural?
And where does it begin? how does it begin? from a gas?
Top down is preplanned construction, finding materials both natural and unnatural, created by chemistry.
But going smaller to non existence, achieves what?
Can only recreate what is not natural. Artificial Life. And replicate copies of this Artificial life, meanwhile evolutionizing real nature to a death of sorts. How can real nature and artificial nature reside side by side?
But, if spontaneous generation is going on, and gases, present, nature will create it's own self assembling nanos. First clue nanobacterium?
Simulations of evolution, as models, do they become the "top down" nano? because shut offs can occur if programmed in.
So, while simulation is going on, nature justs keep doing what it does best. spontaneously?
So, what do we have? Is it natural or is it simulated natural, synthetic, or a mirror of natural?
Or is it part natural/part synthetic proteins, artificial proteins, natural organism/artificial organism, what chemical reactions are taking place, and where does the electrical charge come from?
What are the models for? are they prototypes? for the newly created life that will replace all nature?
Nature seems to have other ideas!
Skytroll
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Post by skytroll on Jan 28, 2008 23:00:16 GMT -5
Maybe this would explain evolution and the genetics much better, right from the horse's mouth.
finally released to public? about time!
"http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/evolutionary-genetics/
"Evolutionary Genetics First published Fri 14 Jan, 2005 Evolutionary genetics is the broad field of studies that resulted from the integration of genetics and Darwinian evolution, called the ‘modern synthesis’ (Huxley 1942), achieved through the theoretical works of R. A. Fisher, S. Wright, and J. B. S. Haldane and the conceptual works and influential writings of J. Huxley, T. Dobzhansky, and H.J. Muller.
This field attempts to account for evolution in terms of changes in gene and genotype frequencies within populations and the processes that convert the variation with populations into more or less permanent variation between species. In this view, four evolutionary forces (mutation, random genetic drift, natural selection, and gene flow) acting within and among populations cause micro-evolutionary change and these processes are sufficient to account for macro-evolutionary patterns, which arise in the longer term from the collective action of these forces. That is, given very long periods of time, the micro-evolutionary forces will eventually give rise to the macro-evolutionary patterns that characterize the higher taxonomic groups. Thus, the central challenge of Evolutionary Genetics is to describe how the evolutionary forces shape the patterns of biodiversity observed in nature.
The force of mutation is the ultimate source of new genetic variation within populations. Although most mutations are neutral with no effect on fitness or harmful, some mutations have a small, positive effect on fitness and these variants are the raw materials for gradualistic adaptive evolution. Within finite populations, random genetic drift and natural selection affect the mutational variation. Natural selection is the only evolutionary force which can produce adaptation, the fit between organism and environment, or conserve genetic states over very long periods of time in the face of the dispersive forces of mutation and drift. The force of migration or gene flow has effects on genetic variation that are the opposite of those caused by random genetic drift. Migration limits the genetic divergence of populations and so impedes the process of speciation. The effect of each of these evolutionary forces on genetic variation within and among populations has been developed in great detail in the mathematical theory of population genetics founded on the seminal works of Fisher, Wright, and Haldane.
Among the evolutionary forces, natural selection has long been privileged in evolutionary studies because of its crucial role in adaptation. Ecological genetics is the study of evolutionary processes, especially adaptation by natural selection, in an ecological context in order to account for phenotypic patterns observed in nature. Where population genetics tends toward a branch of applied mathematics founded on Mendelian axioms, often with minimal contact with data, ecological genetics is grounded in the reciprocal interaction between mathematical theory and empirical observations from field and laboratory.
1. Introduction 2. Classical Ecological Genetics and Polymorphism 3. Classical Ecological Genetics, Population Size, and Natural Selection 4. The Sewall Wright Effect 5. Interactions and their Effect on the Threshold between Natural Selection and Random Drift 6. Allozyme Variation and the Drift vs Selection Controversy 7. Sequence Variation and the Drift vs Selection Controversy Bibliography Other Internet Resources Related Entries "
but, then along came "forced mutations" and "directed evolution"
Skytroll
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Post by skytroll on Jan 28, 2008 23:34:31 GMT -5
These are new: Microalgae—minute jewels of the ocean - Jeannie-Marie LeRoi The Scientist Jeannie-Marie LeRoi is a microalgal biologist with over fifteen years experience with microalgae. Based at CSIRO Marine Laboratories, she recently completed her Masters project in collaboration with Assoc Professor Gustaaf Hallegraeff at the University of Tasmania. Jeannie-Marie was also selected to attend the IOC Advanced Phytoplankton Course in Naples, Italy, where she had the opportunity to work with international experts and to study microalgae from all over the world. When she is not playing with microalgae, Jeannie-Marie is involved with producing plays about microalgae, in collaboration with students from Double Helix Drama. Recent performances have included "The Deadly Dinoflagellate" at the Ninth International Conference on Harmful Algal Blooms, as well as presentations at the International Science Festival in New Zealand, and the Australian Science Festival. Please click link and see photos: Now, were these created or have they been there for some time? Who knows? www.science-in-salamanca.tas.csiro.au/themes/microalgae.htmInteresting things coming in on hulls of ships, including the "Tall Ships" They were here in Michigan. Few of the sailers got sick too. " and metamorphosis Deep sea ecology Tuna biology Ocean currents Oceanography and global climate change Introduced marine pests Microalgae Fish oils Sperm whale strandings Antarctic food webs Science topics Introduced marine pests - Caroline Sutton The Scientist I work as a marine biologist with CSIRO’s Centre for Research on Introduced Marine Pests (CRIMP). I studied zoology at University of New South Wales and completed my honours in 1992. I started work with CSIRO in 1993 to work on larval fish and began working on introduced pests shortly after the northern Pacific seastar, Asterias amurensis was identified to be a major pest in the Derwent Estuary, Hobart. Since then I have worked on a variety of introduced marine pest projects including; the larval biology and ecology of Asterias, evaluating the best methods to sample ballast water, assessing and modeling the survival of zooplankton in ballast water and most recently a project to develop a community monitoring program for detecting marine pests. Caroline's collaboration is with artist Anne Morrison. The Research In the ocean, like on land introduced species can become a problem in their new environment because they no longer have the natural predators and diseases that normally keep their populations in balance. There are hundreds of introduced species in Australia, but not all of them are considered pests. An introduced marine species is considered a pest when it poses a serious ecological or economic risk to the marine environment or marine resources, for example, if it contributes to habitat destruction for critically endangered species like the spotted handfish or threatens wild fisheries or aquaculture industries. Australia has identified 12 marine pests *(Northern Pacific seastar, European green crab, Giant fanworm, Asian mussel, European clam, Black-striped mussel, Toxic dinoflagellates, Japanese seaweed, Aquarium Caulerpa, Broccoli weed, Hydroides sanctaecrucis and the Asian green mussel) species that are of serious concern. *More information available on these species as PDF information sheets. Species can be introduced in a number of ways including; the ballast water of ships, attached to the hulls of boats (hull-fouling), inadvertently through the live aquarium trade and aquaculture, adults being used as live bait, attached to marine debris or on fouled ropes, traps or any submersed equipment that has been moved form place to place. The research at CRIMP has focused on developing strategies to manage the marine pests problem, the approach is three pronged — prevention, incursion response and long-term management." Note the species on the right in this link: www.science-in-salamanca.tas.csiro.au/themes/pests.htmSkytroll
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Post by skytroll on Jan 28, 2008 23:58:56 GMT -5
From hulls of ships Closeups: 1. bio.rutgers.edu/~gb102/lab_7/701fgm-bipin_larva.html2. www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/art98/janstar.html3. Australia has identified 12 marine pests *(Northern Pacific seastar, European green crab, Giant fanworm, Asian mussel, European clam, Black-striped mussel, Toxic dinoflagellates, Japanese seaweed, Aquarium Caulerpa, Broccoli weed, Hydroides sanctaecrucis and the Asian green mussel) species that are of serious concern. 4. Solitary ascidian introduced native to Europe. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascidian5. Colonial ascidian native to NE Atlantic to the Mediterranean (above and below) www.science-in-salamanca.tas.csiro.au/themes/pests.htm6. Branching errect cheilostome bryozoan. Branching errect cheilostome (hard) bryozoan. Encrusting cheilostome (hard) bryozoan. www.science-in-salamanca.tas.csiro.au/themes/pests.htmSo, byrozoans can hitch a ride, how many ships carry this and come to port near you? Most Morgellons are situated around water, Ca, FL, TX, NY, MI, IL, WI, Canada, Mexico, and so on. But, these can hitch rides in on boats from boaters in other parts of the world and in the US. So, hence it is waterborne, wouldn't you think? The only ones I heard of that can live in sewers are bryozoans, and can form films, was in Colorado. but then again the tardigrade can live in dry areas, too, just goes dormant, can be be blown around. etc. Bryozoans in sewer: ""An aquatic specialist from the DOW confirmed that what the camera had discovered was actually a Bryozoan, a primitive life form that, as a species, is over 350 million years old. The Bryozoans are collections of smaller organisms that filter food out of the water supply, and they are an extremely primitive "animal" life form. Bryozoans aren't harmful, although they can occasionally clog water pipes." Yeah, you say. I'll bet Stephen King tells a different story. Or Michael C. N.B.: "The discovery was made in a pipe near the intersection of 76th and Pecos." See picture of biofilm: jajajayu.stumbleupon.com/tag/colorado/More on bryozoans. The evolutionary artist of earlier times HAECKEL www.cryptozoology.com/forum/topic_view_thread.php?pid=537864&tid=24Skytroll Skytroll
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