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Post by kammy on Feb 4, 2010 14:09:41 GMT -5
First thing I noticed was a greenish-glow around some of our spheres, an indicator of iron content which I stated on an old thread. And, then if you'll see Carnicom's latest analysis is - what he's calling the Chlamydia-like part is appearing to feed on iron. Zinc is an antagonist to Iron, let's choke it!
I remember reading somewhere that Zinc likes to be taken alone... last thing at night, the last letter of the alphabet "Z"... take it by itself, last and with nothing else.
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Post by toni on Feb 4, 2010 14:56:24 GMT -5
Jeany, You know, I use to take 25 mgs of zinc 3x a week. For some reason I've developed an intolerance (big time) to zinc (supplements). So in replacement of zinc supplements, I take pumpkin seed oil soft gel supplements. Here's some great info too on zinc. Too much will hinder the body, which I didn't really know either. dietary-supplements.info.nih.gov/FactSheets/Zinc.asp(And I sure hope and pray that your ear gets relief Kammy) Hi Toni, what? a zinc intolerance? how did you notice that?...you know, that zinc is an antagonist to iron, so possibly it lowered your iron level too much, made you feel tired?..My daughter took Zinc and always felt tired, after I told her to leave it, since she has her period and is losing iron every month, she feels better now. I'm taking high doses of Zinc every day and feel fine, although I'm not menopausal either. I believe it's KEY in fighting this disease! Jeany Oh goodness, what happens is horrible. I get absolutely sick in the stomach. So does my sis, as we'd talked about it, and thought it was odd that it happens to both of us, when we take it. I mean sicker than sick. I finally had to stop taking it. Lightheadedness, the whole nine yards. I don't mean just a tummy ache. Oh no...it's bad. (didn't use to do that) but it hit a point where I'm afraid of it now cause of what it does. Isn't that something? I sure don't get it. |
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Post by violet on Feb 4, 2010 15:22:37 GMT -5
TY, Toni, that's nice of you to wish me wellness... I cannot tell you how much I have suffered with my ear and I usually don't say anything or let on... I have to look at it in a positive way - it makes a portion of what Morgellons is very evident to me and gives me a good indicator of how effective products might work, etc. By being able to easily remove large quantities of the cellular particles, I can hopefully study and discover more of what is going on - I just have to focus. Violet's post about the paper batteries is very interesting. What I was wanting to do was eventually open a "Materials Science" thread, I was hoping someone with a stronger science background would come along and help us in that department, eventually? I re-read the same article on a different site: www.tomsguide.com/us/Paper-Battery-Stanford-Supercapacitor-nano,news-5405.html and still wonder what does the photograph of the larvae-looking thing have to do with the process, it doesn't mention the correlation? I've looked all around in the various sciences to see which ones are most likely to be involved in Morgellons disease, touching on them here and there, to get an idea of what might have happened to cause our disease to come about. We have all wondered about the Nano and especially the Materials Science aspects because our fibers are being reported as fibers similar to what they use in electronics? If you view the movie in the link, you see them dispersing a black ink on the paper to cause the battery action? My thoughts there are - for those of you, like myself, that have a large lesion area - there's times that you might manipulate it with your fingers and under your fingernail is carbon, coal black. I know it's not just me, I've heard others report it. I can see from my photographs that the insect is defecating what looks like a carbon-ball... and with the photo in the article showing an insect that might be defecating or the food going through its body?... it makes you wonder? - if I don't have this carbon black material inside of my ear - that I could make a paper battery with my lesion stuff? Good God! Did something in the Nanotech or Material Sciences get caught up in our disease to make us evidently sick? It needs investigating for sure, but we would have to have special equipment or access to special labs to know for sure - we could speculate all day long. I believe some scientist has done some magnetic testing on our lesion particles, more in this avenue needs to be done, we're still awaiting Wymore's shotgun Blast analysis, this kind of information is going to help us better determine the true nature of our disease. For right now, I have to go with what I can easily see and in the future access doctors and labs to verify or rule out. For Inez: I'm thinking today that the bentonite clay in any form is probably one of the best things we can be taking and using? Also, we can see the importance of an alkaline body/blood - take a shot or two of vinegar or baking soda each day, this should slow down the cellular and larval production. [/color] |
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Post by jeany on Feb 4, 2010 17:10:03 GMT -5
Hi Toni, what? a zinc intolerance? how did you notice that?...you know, that zinc is an antagonist to iron, so possibly it lowered your iron level too much, made you feel tired?..My daughter took Zinc and always felt tired, after I told her to leave it, since she has her period and is losing iron every month, she feels better now. I'm taking high doses of Zinc every day and feel fine, although I'm not menopausal either. I believe it's KEY in fighting this disease! Jeany Oh goodness, what happens is horrible. I get absolutely sick in the stomach. So does my sis, as we'd talked about it, and thought it was odd that it happens to both of us, when we take it. I mean sicker than sick. I finally had to stop taking it. Lightheadedness, the whole nine yards. I don't mean just a tummy ache. Oh no...it's bad. (didn't use to do that) but it hit a point where I'm afraid of it now cause of what it does. Isn't that something? I sure don't get it. hmm...Tonster, me neither... I've read about that zinc overdose leads to nausea, stomach cramps, diarrhea..etc... How much zinc were you taking?...Do you have a clue of what might have caused this?..mineral imbalance..hormones..diet? Another sign of zinc deficiency are white spots, lines or bands on the fingernails. I looked at my fingernails and it's evident, that I have zinc deficiency. I've also noticed a remarkable reduction of M symptoms such as itchy scalp, twitching..etc., also hair loss is less as well as appearance of black specks and conclude that the high doses of zinc, which lead to an increase of sodium in the blood (Morgs hate salt!) is beneficial and according to the info below, I believe zinc is an important supplement according treatment of Morgellons Disease. Changes in intestinal tract absorbability and permeability due, in part, to viral, protozoal, and bacteria pathogens may also encourage fecal losses of zinc.btw...Vitamin D deficiency can also cause zinc deficiency. Toni, do you or has anyone else here noticed white spots, marks on the fingernails? Jeany |
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Post by bannanny on Feb 5, 2010 1:49:37 GMT -5
I picked up from page 36 where you talked about the fleas and collembola. In my 1st year of morgs, I used to bend over the tub and brush out my then long hair whenever I'd feel the activity start too jeany. One of the first things I actually saw hit the tub floor and start to bounce around ended up being a collembola. Alot of tiny brown "seeds" would sprout from my head too (morgs started on my head) and they've been coming out again now, along with my hair. But when I saw that tiny collembola move, I thought I'd finally discovered what the problem was. Yeah, right. They were frequent in that 1st and 2nd year tho... and always the orange ones. But I think the only reason those springtails were in my hair and the flea was in yours kammy, is the same as what most of us think. Morgs attracts them... and being morgs is in us, we might as well be bait. Anyway, I figure if morgs is in your hair, you can be sure you'll find these kinds of insects, parasites, and whatever in it at some point in time after the onset... and they'll be breeding and laying their eggs on us as well I imagine. But these insects aren't the underlying problem here. What I think happens is our friendly little morgs attract them and then begin to replicate them to populate their new little world with... their new world being our bodies. Just my thoughts on all that tho. I get bad headaches and my vision sucks too jeany. It even turns blurry with my reading glasses on and then comes back as fast as it became blurry. The black spots in front of my eyes look like a connect the dot puzzle and they're the 1st thing I see when I wake up in the mornings, along with some wavy black strands flowing around in a clump together at the outside of my right eye. My left ear is also a mess like yours kam. The other night I put peroxide in it again cuz I get dizzy just from bein in that tunnel you feel like you're trapped in when you can't hear out of one ear. It was so bad I even gave in to stickin a q-tip down there after lettin it bubble away for a few minutes. I went thru a good 20 of those q-tips too. First it would be coated in brown goo, then I started gettin green goo, then black forms that looked hard as plastic. But at least I could hear for a day... that was it tho. It's plugged again... it's been goin on like this for months now. I'm glad I don't have my scope set up cuz I would've wanted to look. If I saw the same larvae come from my ear that jeany got out of your ear kam... well, it would'nt have been good for me at all. Not that it is for you and I'm so sorry it did... but the reason I don't look anymore is cuz I've seen enough weirdness to last 10 lifetimes. A larvae would just add more to all the weirdness I'm trying to forget (as weird as that sounds.) Weird's gettin to be the word of the day eh? When I saw some of your pics from pg. 36, some of my samples popped right into my head tho. Jeany's eye worm for one... it reminded me of a video toni took of one of my goo samples I sent her. Of course the segmented tubes seem to show up in alot of things too which you'll also see in the vid... and my goo turns to "glass" too. Toni said the black specs would show up as a solid mass when she was changing the lighting. I know she can explain it all better than me tho... It also looks like what came out of your ear too kammy, after it morphed huh? Shi*ty fungi spory... I revised your name for it a little bit kam! Here's a pic (can't remember if it came from my head or skin tho) but it sure looks like your larvae pics to me...  I wish I could get thru pages 38-40 tonight, but I had to go right to 40 and post what I've got so far. I'm totally exhausted again... slept 14 hrs. last night too. But I read your last post jeany and figured I might as well show you a pic of my nail. Lots of vertical raised ridges and fibers growin out of them... they're even worse now but no scope these days! This last pic taken about 2 years ago was enough for me... .jpg) love ya's ~~ bannanny  P.S. So you think we need zinc right? I couldn't read anymore to find out why, but I'll take your word for it and get some! |
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Post by kammy on Feb 5, 2010 4:13:54 GMT -5
Oooo Banny - your movie looks like 'mashed glass' you know what to me,  you see - that 'glass stuff' is the culprit. We're thinking the BT is in there, what's the history of BT, how did it get so easily accepted into our cotton and food chain and who is the manufacturer? We need some chemical analysis done on our 'glass'... it won't be long now before we figure this out. Violet, what do you think the algae battery has to do with Morgellons? Do you think our particles are magnetic or have the properties of a battery? |
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Post by kammy on Feb 5, 2010 4:27:01 GMT -5
Bacillus thuringiensis en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacillus_thuringiensis"Bacillus thuringiensis (or Bt) is a Gram-positive, soil-dwelling bacterium, commonly used as a pesticide. Additionally , B. thuringiensis also occurs naturally in the gut of caterpillars of various types of moths and butterflies, as well as on the dark surface of plants. Discovery and study B. thuringiensis was discovered 1901 in Japan by Ishiwata and 1911 in Germany by Ernst Berliner, who discovered a disease called Schlaffsucht in flour moth caterpillars. B. thuringiensis is closely related to B. cereus, a soil bacterium, and B. anthracis, the cause of anthrax: the three organisms differ mainly in their plasmids. Like other members of the genus, all three are aerobes capable of producing endospores." **You thought I was kidding earlier when I mentioned anthrax - no, I wasn't - I believe it's in the mix, somehow... B. anthracis is a soil bacterium - I found this most interesting: Bacillus anthracis en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacillus_anthracis"Laboratory research Components of tea, such as polyphenols, have the ability to inhibit the activity both of bacillus anthracis and its toxin considerably; spores, however, are not affected. The addition of milk to the tea completely inhibits its antibacterial activity against anthrax[4]. Activity against the anthrax bacillum in the laboratory does not prove that drinking tea affects the course of an infection, since it is unknown how these polyphenols are absorbed and distributed within the body." **We've heard of the benefits of drinking green tea and using milk on our lesions... hmmm? I wonder if anyone has tried to use a tea bag with milk in it directly on lesions? I see that this should not affect the spores, however. I'm going to put this BT, BS, BA stuff over in the food thread and look at it closer over there. You know, we need a simple gram positive/negative test run on our lesion debris - I think it's a relatively simple test? I wonder which one shows up? |
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Post by kammy on Feb 5, 2010 4:39:47 GMT -5
I must be processing Morgellons in my sleep, sometimes when I wake up, very first thing is that voice that's within us speaks to me about how to go about getting better. This morning my first thoughts were - we need some sort of chloroform, a vapor/gas that will smother or choke them out of our skin. Something to use with DMSO to carry it deep into the skin - DMSO and chloroform... It's going to take doctors that can venture out to eventually treat this.
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Post by toni on Feb 5, 2010 10:56:44 GMT -5
Jeany,
I've not had any white marks in my nails, but a couple of times
I had what looked like a dark thin splinter under the nail.
Since all that (many months ago) last year sometime, my nails
are looking good, like almost normal again.
Our nails are sort of like our tongues, in that they are a sort
of a guide to help us know something is off in our body.
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Post by toni on Feb 5, 2010 11:02:56 GMT -5
Kammy
I sure do find that extremely interesting too (about the tea and
milk). Being that I've been using milk so much, (for my lesions)
it works the best.
I use the (yogurt) on as a thickener, because the milk would
run off the skin or scalp by itself.
I'm going to look more into this (the milk aspect with Bacillus)
because I've never understood why completely it works so
well...but I just see that it's been my life saver.
And Bt, oh yes. Imho....that's a good avenue to have checked out...
and I wish we knew who could analyze if it's present or not.
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Post by toni on Feb 5, 2010 11:08:37 GMT -5
One other thing. I've never brought this up, but I will now about
how I had one lesion one time (and that raw lesion had eschar).
I mean I had this spot that was between 1/4" -1/2" in diameter,
and it was as black as coal. My first thought too was Anthrax.
At that time in 2006 I applied "glycolic acid cream 20% on it"
and left that on for a couple of days.
Then put on the bismuth subgallate powder (mixed with water into a paste) and left that on for several days, and it healed up like perfect....but it's always been on my mind, as to "why the eschar"? That concerned me greatly.
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Post by violet on Feb 5, 2010 11:33:24 GMT -5
Violet, what do you think the algae battery has to do with Morgellons? Do you think our particles are magnetic or have the properties of a battery?
Kam, what drew me to reading about the battery was when I happened to see the picture in that article on the internet site that I posted above, and it looked exactly--exactly!--like your video you had posted of what you think is a fungus gnat larva, eating it's "shell." That was what got my attention to then read the article, which has so many similarities to the things found in our lesions. Did you read the article? I'm so surprised you and others have not really read into this! You really should. Again, there is a picture in that article that is exactly like something you had found from your research. Don't you find that connection very important?!??! I was very surprised when the first time I sent it to you--a few months ago--it didn't seem to compute. :-) (Boy, I sound like I'm chiding, don't I! I'm just expressing my surprise. Don't mind me.) :-)
I think of Bannanny who has such problems handling paper. I think of all of us who have electrical-type sensations in our bodies from the morgs. The algae is string-like. It has a polymer coating. Etc., etc. So much that connects to our symptoms.
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Post by bannanny on Feb 5, 2010 23:49:30 GMT -5
Here's a vid for you kammy from "mrgalleria"... he's a very smart man and has other excellent vid's about morgs at You Tube as well. In his video below are some pretty amazing pics, plus you mentioned chloroform... check out what he says under his video below at You Tube... Photos of mold and mildew compared to morgs. Therapies of chlorophyll, peroxide, wine, and olive oil recommended. Photos taken Oct. 16, 2009. Captain Cook, Big Island, Hawaii, U.S.A. I can say for a fact that I see every single one of the morg pics he shows in my own samples, even the bluish white hues of light I see... and the mold pics look like the green mold I grew and the black mold pics look like what toni's growing from the picante and beef specs. I'm gonna send him a message and get the exact amounts of what he recommends we take and then start takin it. Here's the link to his channel at You Tube too... www.youtube.com/user/mrgalleria#p/u/11/NkAkLlOFf1MI also grabbed a link from mo's thread that camv left in a post. Have you ever read the Sunshine Project? You and jeany both should if you haven't. Lots of interesting things there that you guys have researched and more about anthrax. On page 12 it talks about "Invisible" Anthrax and a Treatment resistant Plague as well. Page 25 talks about food weapons, bioengineered corn, and even targeting specific genetic markers. Same page also talks about Trichosanthin... is that from the same tricho genera that showed in Sid's culture? What really got my attention tho was this... Trichosanthin, considered to be a potential anti-cancer agent, has the same mode of action as the biowarfare agent ricin and is a strong abortion-inducing compound. In the U.S., trichosanthin production in tobacco plants was induced by a genetically engineered plant virus. That same virus also easily infects crops such as tomatoes and peppers. Here's the link... www.biosafety-info.net/file_dir/568648856f0b57be6.pdfHope some of that helps! hugs ~~ bannanny |
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Post by Sidney on Feb 6, 2010 0:11:00 GMT -5
I picked up from page 36 where you talked about the fleas and collembola. In my 1st year of morgs, I used to bend over the tub and brush out my then long hair whenever I'd feel the activity start too jeany. One of the first things I actually saw hit the tub floor and start to bounce around ended up being a collembola. Alot of tiny brown "seeds" would sprout from my head too (morgs started on my head) and they've been coming out again now, along with my hair. But when I saw that tiny collembola move, I thought I'd finally discovered what the problem was. Yeah, right. They were frequent in that 1st and 2nd year tho... and always the orange ones. I intended to post the email I received from Frans Janssens, but strangely, five days of emails received mysteriously disappeared from my inbox. Frans reply to me regarding the identify of the Collembola and the fleas was among the mail to go missing. So, Frans did confirm that the image Kammy briefly used as her avatar was indeed a Collembola. She posted it looked like a piece of straw and was found on the bathroom tile floor. The other images were indeed a flea. |
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Post by kammy on Feb 6, 2010 21:14:26 GMT -5
I picked up from page 36 where you talked about the fleas and collembola. In my 1st year of morgs, I used to bend over the tub and brush out my then long hair whenever I'd feel the activity start too jeany. One of the first things I actually saw hit the tub floor and start to bounce around ended up being a collembola. Alot of tiny brown "seeds" would sprout from my head too (morgs started on my head) and they've been coming out again now, along with my hair. But when I saw that tiny collembola move, I thought I'd finally discovered what the problem was. Yeah, right. They were frequent in that 1st and 2nd year tho... and always the orange ones. I intended to post the email I received from Frans Janssens, but strangely, five days of emails received mysteriously disappeared from my inbox. Frans reply to me regarding the identify of the Collembola and the fleas was among the mail to go missing. So, Frans did confirm that the image Kammy briefly used as her avatar was indeed a Collembola. She posted it looked like a piece of straw and was found on the bathroom tile floor. The other images were indeed a flea. "So, Frans did confirm that the image Kammy briefly used as her avatar was indeed a Collembola. She posted it looked like a piece of straw and was found on the bathroom tile floor." I just wanted to note that the "Queen" that Jeany took out of my ear in Post 702 - the one I initially described as being 3mm and Jeany said it was more like 6mm (she knows the metric measurements better than I do, so I took her word for it) - that 6mm piece of "Queen Larvae" ALSO looked 'straw-like' (like a tiny piece of hay). I will look at it closer, Violet. I believe that major discoveries are going to be made by people that see something that the others don't, Violet. I'm glad you see something, just keep talking about it until one of us 'gets it'... ok? Jeany found an ointment with chloroform and a bunch of other things that should help... I'll see if I can find the link that Jeany mentioned about the chloroform ointment? I believe 'the larval organism' is the cause of the fibers, crystals, spheres (some of them), specks, the on-going fungal aspect, etc., because of what we're seeing in the photographs and in the stock photo of the "BT" engineered larvae that Jeany posted. We're also seeing that the larvae is 'programmed' to emit the 'BT' crystals in its feces. Also, the makeup of the fibers are known to be cellulose and have a fungal component. After the organism is created - as we can see - it is producing fungal debris and a fiber-like strand in its defecation, the fungal spheres are in contact with the filament that the larvae is producing. However, once the reproduction of the fungal spores starts taking place, of course, more spores/spheres are going to form where ever it is localized even if the presence of the larvae is removed. Jo responded to say that she thought my larvae looks like a very immature fly larvae of some kind, she said it is too hard to tell until it reaches a certain point of development. It is obvious to me that this is no ordinary larvae, it is a GM creation, and that makes killing it a little harder, we already know this from our experiences. I'm thinking that baking soda/water internally and on the lesions at the same time - to make a paste might work? That it would take at least a month of using it everyday to see results - has anyone else used baking soda/water on their lesions for any length of time? It'll probably take a combination of things to knock back the larval output (spheres, specks, fibers, crystals, debris), just looking for a base to start with? (What would keep the "glass/goo/pixie dust" makeup of the organism from turning into the larvae, short circuit it to keep it from advancing?) |
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Post by kammy on Feb 9, 2010 8:00:44 GMT -5
I'm dealing with some sort of transgenic organism, I don't know about you? I still think it's a fungus gnat larvae from what's actually hatched in the Petri Dishes... and we did see that these larvae do contain nematodes... however, there is such a fungal environment and we have even seen such as in the photo that Barb posted recently of a hangman's noose type of fungus and we have seen photos of nematodes wearing 'necklaces' to believe that the nematodal aspect is secondary to the larval aspect. The job of the fungus is to kill or trap the nematodes and should keep these populations down? I have seen where the pupae of the fungus gnat has two horns such as this was seen in Post 702, and we cannot tell specifically at this stage of the photograph what insect is present. Since it looks like the tobacco or tomato hornworm, I decided to research on this avenue a little bit in hopes of some clues as to what's going on. I'm finding that hormones allow the larvae to go from instar to instar, what is called the "Juvenile hormone" or "JH"... From this .pdf... www.jstor.org/pss/1540934 I believe it says that the Juvenile hormones can affect and if not proper can cause retardation in the metamorphosis stages of the instars? Let's look to see what this "Juvenile hormone" is about?: Juvenile hormone en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juvenile_hormone"Juvenile hormones (JHs) are a group of acyclic sesquiterpenoids that regulate many aspects of insect physiology. JHs regulate development, reproduction, diapause, and polyphenisms.[1][2][3] In insects, JH (also neotenin) refers to a group of hormones, which ensure growth of the larva, while preventing metamorphosis. Because of their rigid exoskeleton, insects grow in their development by successively shedding their exoskeleton (a process known as molting)." **Now, to do some research to see how to manipulate the JH in the insect to keep it from going through it stages and particularly to keep it from getting to the fifth instar stage? |
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Post by kammy on Feb 9, 2010 8:15:03 GMT -5
I need to vent a little bit, I'm teed that I am having to look at bugs... who the heck turned this chit loose in the environment, they need to be shot!
Jeany and I were washing the drapes and cleaning the windows yesterday and I noticed a cocoon in the outside crack of the sliding door, white fuzzy wrapped up in a cotton-like - you know?... I felt like burning it. I was worried about bringing Morgs to non-GM Bavaria, ha! I think they are already here. What was strange, I don't know if you're noticing this in America, was... in places on the glass outside were these round black specks that were glued to the glass. I had to take my fingernail and scratch them out of the glass... what's up? I rubbed and rubbed with the window cleaner and cloth... but it took scratching to get it off.
I told Jeany this story while we were washing the windows about being in High School and we have a "Career Day" where you talked about what you wanted to be when you grew up. There was this one guy in the class who had a 190 IQ... pocket protector, glasses... ok, a nerd - and he said he wanted to be an Entomologist. None of us knew what that was, so we asked him? "It's a bug scientist", he said proudly... all of us girls went... "ewwwww".
I'm thinking ANYTIME a woman isn't around to guide a man - he's going to screw up, that's what's happened here. This guy is typical of the Molecular Entomologists out there, I do believe? I hate to sterotype, but... what kind of person wants to grow up and manipulate bugs? Hello? Did this guy marry? I doubt it! Did he come home from work and tell his wife, "Honey, today I put mouse genes in the cotton!"... if he did - she'd SURELY would have corrected him, wouldn't she, (I'm asking the women out here?)... that's what's happened - unregulated, unmonitored men running around messing with bugs!... good God...
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Post by kammy on Feb 9, 2010 13:45:31 GMT -5
Ok, I got off track but it all comes in together, somehow I'm looking at the insect feces in our water and food supplies to see what is acceptable, etc. www.cababstractsplus.org/abstracts/Abstract.aspx?AcNo=19790567436"Abstract: Tests were carried out to standardise the extraction of uric acid from insect material and faeces (using Achaea janata (L.)) by lithium carbonate solution, and subsequently to determine true nitrogen, excluding uric acid nitrogen. The latter was found to account for 57% of total faecal nitrogen, and the percentage of apparent total nitrogen in the faeces was 5.83, as compared with 2.5 of true total nitrogen. Lower values of true total nitrogen were also obtained for material from fifth-instar larvae, but the percentage of nitrogen contributed by uric acid was only 26.4, which can be explained by the fact that far less uric acid is present in the fat-body and gut than in the faeces. No uric acid nitrogen was found in the pupal material of A. janata, as the larvae empty their gut contents before pupating." What does increased nitrogen do to a human? www.jstor.org/pss/3682257"Abstract The feces of stream insects may be a major component of fine particulate organic matter (FPOM) available to collector organisms. In Mink Creek, Idaho, winter defecation rates for 9 species ranged from 86 mg dry feces (Ephemerella spinifera) to (Paraleptophlebia heteronea). Detailed studies of 3 species in summer revealed that rates were much greater than in winter and exhibited high between-individual variation (e.g., for Baetis tricaudatus). By combining measured and literature values, it is estimated that the benthic insect community egests approximately. This value lies within the range of FPOM estimated to be derived from degradation of leaf litter input, depending upon assimilation efficiency of the organisms). Short-term winter growth experiments showed that, with two exceptions, collectors fed on fecal detritus will grow as well as on other food resources; relative growth rates depend upon the species. Because fecal detritus is abundant throughout the year, and is treated by many species as a source of food, it could be a major mechanism by which seasonal fluctuation in availability of allochthonous litter input is minimized and homeostasis of structure and function maintained." |
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Post by kammy on Feb 10, 2010 10:57:00 GMT -5
www.accessexcellence.org/WN/SUA06/baculo.phpBACULOVIRUS: GENETIC PESTICIDE By Sean Henahan, Access Excellence " ATHENS, GA- A genetically engineered virus producing a toxin found in scorpions has proven to an effective killer of cotton bollworms and tobacco budworms in the first field test conducted in the US, report researchers at the University of Georgia. The baculovirus, which contains a gene encoding for an insect-specific toxin found in scorpions, killed virtually all the bollworms and budworms exposed to it. This baculovirus by design affects only targeted insect species, with no effect on humans or other wildlife. "The use of microbial pathogens to control insect pests has been proposed for years, but, until recently, only limited industrial effort has been devoted to their development. The intimate relationship that virus pathogens must have with their hosts can provide the most precise means of targeting specific insect pests for population control, thus protecting beneficial insects and other organisms in the ecosystem," said Dr. Lois Miller, a pioneer in the field of baculoviruses at the University of Georgia. The tests were conducted on small field plots near Athens, Georgia, this summer, using procedures approved by the Environmental Protection Agency. The researchers sprayed the baculovirus on cotton plants. The tests proved for the first time that a genetically engineered toxin-expressing baculovirus can be used in the field with results that rival or surpass other biological insecticides. Previous attempts to utilize viral insecticides have been unsatisfactory since they worked too slowly to be efficient in the field. In earlier laboratory and greenhouse tests (and in nature), the baculoviruses had been taking anywhere from five to seven days to kill target pests. Worse, target insects exposed to the natural baculoviruses actually ate more before they died than those not exposed, probably due in part to a mechanism in the baculovirus which tries to keep its host alive for as long as possible. "We found a way around that several years ago when we deleted a gene in the baculovirus This enables us to decrease the amount of time it takes for the virus to be lethal to its host," said Miller. Miller's laboratory also found strains of the baculovirus that acted faster, and she began inserting toxin genes that produced a toxic effect when expressed by the baculovirus. Toxins tested included those from mites and scorpions. The scorpion toxin proved most effective. "Baculoviruses are safe because they have co-evolved with their insect hosts over eons. Mutations of viruses occur in nature all the time, but to survive, they must have properties that make them better competitors than what's out there at the time. Thus, genetically engineered baculoviruses would be poor competitors with natural ones Also, engineered baculoviruses don't have enough time to reproduce efficiently, so they are unable to survive. In addition, baculoviruses only affect a very limited number of insects, mostly test species of arthropods," noted Miller. The tests at the field site this summer compared a biological insecticide called Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), two different formulations of baculovirus with the scorpion toxin gene inserted and a gene-deleted form of baculovirus. The new genetic insecticide appears as good or better as Bt, which has been in use as a biological insecticide for years, Miller said. No effects were observed on non-target insect and spiders. In particular, tests confirmed that honey bees and other beneficial insects were not affected. For now, the genetically engineered baculovirus will probably not replace commercial pesticides, which typically kill a wide range of pests virtually on contact. But with environmental concerns mounting and federal re-labeling requirements for pesticides under way, baculoviruses could provide an additional tool to manage insect pests in a safe, effective way. Some scientists worry that over time, insects may develop resistance to genetically engineered baculoviruses, but Miller said it would take farmers applying them in large amounts for more than a quarter century for that to happen. Miller said she remains confident that "thoughtfully developed and tested" genetically engineered baculoviruses can be safely used for the specific control of pest species. "It is a major advance for a baculovirus to kill insects this fast and this well. I was skeptical of how this would work, to be honest, but now I'm an enthusiastic supporter of the idea, said Dr. John All, a professor of entomology at the University of Georgia."
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Post by kammy on Feb 10, 2010 10:59:22 GMT -5
I still don't understand why they are making a baculovirus of the pest insects? www.springerprotocols.com/Abstract/doi/10.1385/0-89603-272-8:277"Baculoviruses have been isolated from a wide range of invertebrates. Their development as pest control agents spans over 40 years, although records of their discovery and use date from considerably earlier (1). The baculoviruses from Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths), Hymenoptera (sawflies only), and Coleoptera (beetles) present the best options for pest control, and thus most research on baculovirus insecticides has concentrated on these orders. Baculovirus insecticides have been used in a wide range of situations from forests and fields to food stores and greenhouses." |
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you see - that 'glass stuff' is the culprit. We're thinking the BT is in there, what's the history of BT, how did it get so easily accepted into our cotton and food chain and who is the manufacturer? 
